To do so, it needed to create an official history of Mexico in which its citizens would find themselves, and it needed a medium that could propagate this to a largely poor, illiterate populace. After the Revolution, then, the government took on the very difficult project of transforming a divided Mexico of maderistas, carrancistas, villistas, zapatistas, and so on, into a coherent nation of mexicanos. The Revolution was a massive civil war helmed by a number of factions with charismatic leaders-Francisco Madero, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, to name a few-all of whom had very specific political and social agendas. The Mexican mural movement, or Mexican muralism, began as a government-funded form of public art-specifically, large-scale wall paintings in civic buildings-in the wake of the Mexican Revolution (1910–20).
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